Different Types of COVID-19 Vaccine

 There are 4 categories of Vaccines

      1)Whole virus vaccine

      2)Protein subunit Vaccine

      3) Vector Vaccine

      4) Nucleic acid Vaccine or Genetic Vaccine

Now let talk details!

✓Whole virus Vaccine 

   Two types: Inactivated/Killed vaccine and Attenuated Vaccine

*Inactivated vaccine:CoronaVac of Sinovac,BBIBP-CorV by Sinpharm,Covaxin by Baharat Biotech are the vaccine in this category.

Mechanism:Killed virus recognised by immune system triggering immune response without illness creating antibody that is immune memory rendering body to fight against SARS-CoV-2 in future.

CorVac given Intramuscularly,2 doses 3-4 weeks apart.BBIBP-CorV has same schedule.Covaxin also given 2 doses 28 days apart.

* Attenuated Vaccine: 

Codagenix is under clinical trial against SARS-CoV-2 in this type.

Mechanism: This type of Vaccines contain weakened virus which are recognised by immune system triggering immune response without producing any disease.The responses make immune memory as Inactivated vacvine.

✓Protein Subunit Vaccine:

   NVX-CoV2373 by Novavax is in this category.This vaccine is revominant nanoparticle protein based.Recent published data showed 90.4% overall efficiency of this vaccine and 100% protection against moderate and severe disease.

Mechanism:This type of vaccine contains protein from SARS-CoV-2 virus that may be whole protein such as Spike protein,protein fragments or many protein molecules packed into nanoparticles.This is recomised by our immune system as Antigen and produce antibody against SARS-CoV-2.

✓Vector Vaccine:

Oxford/AsrtaZeneca ChAdOx1 vacvine under brand covishield and Vaxzevira

  It is given Intramuscularly,2 doses 8 to 12 weeks apart.

 Gam-COVID-Vac or Sputnik-V by Gamlea Research Institute if Epidemiology and Microbiology,Russia 

Johnson and Johnson's Janssen COVI-19 Vaccine which given Intramuscularly,single shot.

Mechanism:This type of Vaccine contain an unrelated harmless virus (as Chimpanzee adenovirus in Oxford/AsrtaZeneca vaccine) which is modified to deliver SARS-CoV-2 genetic material.This genetic material delivered to human cells.Human cells by using this produce specific SARS-CoV-2 protein which do not produce disease in the body.This protein is recognised immune system as Antigen and produce antibody rendering Immunity.

✓ Nucleic acid Vaccine or Genetic Vaccine:

    Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine

    Moderna mRNA- 1273 

This two vaccine is in this category.

Both are mRNA vaccine,given Intramuscularly,2 doses but second dose of first one given 21 days apart and second one given 28 day apart.

Mechanism:In this type of Vaccines genetic material either RNA or DNA is to provide the cells with instructions to produce protein such as in case of COVID-19 spike protein.Tjis protein act as Antigen against which antibody is formed by our immune system rendering Immunity that is protection.

This is all about today.

Thanks for reading.